40 S&w vs 45: Which Caliber Reigns Supreme?
Choosing the right handgun caliber can be a daunting task, especially with so many options available. Today, we’re diving headfirst into a classic debate: 40 S&W vs 45. These two popular rounds have a long history and loyal followings, each with its own strengths and weaknesses.
The 40 S&W, known for its balanced performance, offers a blend of power and control. It’s a favorite among law enforcement and civilian shooters alike. On the other hand, the 45, a true American classic, boasts a reputation for stopping power and a significant following due to its proven effectiveness.
This comparison will break down the key differences between 40 S&W and 45. We’ll explore their ballistics, recoil, and suitability for various shooting applications. By the end, you’ll have a clearer understanding of which caliber is best suited for your needs, whether for self-defense, target shooting, or concealed carry.
Specs at a Glance:
| Feature | 40 S&W | 45 |
|---|---|---|
| Bullet Diameter | .40″ | .45″ |
| Case Length | .850″ | .898″ |
| Typical Bullet Weight | 155-200 gr | 185-230 gr |
| Muzzle Velocity (Approx.) | 900-1100 fps | 830-950 fps |
| Energy (Approx.) | 400-600 ft-lbs | 350-500 ft-lbs |
| Capacity (Magazines) | Varies | Varies |
| Recoil | Moderate | Moderate to Strong |
| Availability | Common | Common |
| Popularity | High | High |
| Use Cases | Self-Defense, Law Enforcement, Target Shooting | Self-Defense, Target Shooting, Hunting (limited) |
| Stopping Power (Subjective) | Good | Very Good |
| Common Firearm Platforms | Semi-automatic pistols, some rifles | Semi-automatic pistols, some revolvers |
Feature-by-Feature Breakdown
Caliber
- 40 S&W: The .40 Smith & Wesson is a semi-automatic pistol cartridge developed jointly by Smith & Wesson and Winchester. It’s known for its intermediate size and power, offering a balance between stopping power and capacity. However, it can have a sharper recoil compared to some other calibers.
- 45: The .45 ACP (Automatic Colt Pistol) is a large-caliber cartridge originally developed for the Colt 1911 pistol. It is known for its substantial stopping power and relatively slow velocity. Its larger size often results in fewer rounds in a magazine compared to other calibers.
- Winner: Tie
Recoil
- 40 S&W: The .40 S&W generally has a sharper, more snappy recoil impulse due to its high pressure and relatively lighter bullets. This can make rapid follow-up shots slightly more challenging for some shooters.
- 45: The .45 ACP, despite its larger size, often has a more manageable recoil that feels like a push rather than a snap. This is due to its lower pressure and heavier bullets.
- Winner: 45
Stopping Power (Kinetic Energy)
- 40 S&W: The .40 S&W offers good stopping power, often exceeding that of 9mm Luger. The energy delivered on impact is substantial, making it effective for self-defense.
- 45: The .45 ACP is renowned for its stopping power, largely due to its larger bullet diameter and substantial mass. It delivers significant energy on impact, often resulting in a larger wound channel.
- Winner: 45
Magazine Capacity
- 40 S&W: .40 S&W handguns often have higher magazine capacities than .45 ACP handguns, allowing for more rounds to be carried. This can be a significant advantage in some self-defense scenarios.
- 45: .45 ACP handguns typically have lower magazine capacities due to the larger size of the cartridge. This may require more frequent reloads.
- Winner: 40 s&w
Ballistic Performance
- 40 S&W: The .40 S&W generally has a flatter trajectory than the .45 ACP, making it slightly easier to aim at longer ranges. Its higher velocity allows for a slightly improved effective range.
- 45: The .45 ACP has a slower velocity and a more curved trajectory, which can make it more challenging to hit targets at longer distances.
- Winner: 40 s&w
Availability & Cost of Ammunition
- 40 S&W: .40 S&W ammunition is widely available, though prices may fluctuate. It is generally a readily available caliber at most gun stores.
- 45: .45 ACP ammunition is also widely available. The cost can be slightly higher than .40 S&W, but still reasonably accessible.
- Winner: Tie
Weapon Size & Weight
- 40 S&W: .40 S&W handguns are available in a variety of sizes, from compact to full-size. They are generally slightly smaller and lighter than comparable .45 ACP handguns.
- 45: .45 ACP handguns tend to be slightly larger and heavier due to the size of the cartridge and the need for a larger frame to accommodate it.
- Winner: 40 s&w
Popularity & Legacy
- 40 S&W: The .40 S&W experienced significant popularity, particularly in law enforcement. However, its popularity has waned slightly in recent years, with some agencies switching back to 9mm.
- 45: The .45 ACP has a long and storied history, with a strong following among civilian shooters and law enforcement. It is considered a classic caliber and maintains a high level of popularity.
- Winner: 45
Winner by Category:
| Category | Winner |
|---|---|
| Stopping Power | .45 ACP (Slight Edge) |
| Capacity | .40 S&W (Generally) |
| Recoil | .40 S&W (Generally) |
| Availability | Tie |
| Trajectory | .40 S&W (Slight Edge) |
What They Have in Common:
- Self-Defense Applications: Both cartridges are widely used for self-defense purposes due to their effectiveness in stopping threats. They are both popular choices among gun owners and law enforcement.
- Semi-Automatic Pistol Compatibility: Both are predominantly used in semi-automatic pistols, offering a good balance of capacity and power in a relatively compact firearm. They can be found in a variety of handguns.
- Target Shooting: Both the .40 S&W and the .45 ACP are frequently used for target shooting, providing a satisfying shooting experience and good accuracy. They are both well-suited for recreational shooting.
- Reloading Potential: Both cartridges are popular among reloaders, with a wide variety of components available to customize loads. This allows shooters to tailor their ammunition to their specific needs.
- Widespread Availability: Both .40 S&W and .45 ACP ammunition and firearms are readily available in most gun stores and online retailers. This widespread availability makes them convenient choices.
40 S&W Vs 45 Buying Guide
Cost Comparison
The initial cost of ammunition and firearms plays a significant role in the decision-making process. .40 S&W ammunition is often slightly less expensive than .45 ACP, although this can fluctuate based on market conditions and manufacturer. The cost difference might seem negligible initially, but it accumulates over time, especially for frequent shooters. Consider the long-term investment, factoring in the price of bulk ammunition and how often you plan to practice.
Firearm Availability and Selection
The .40 S&W and .45 ACP calibers have a wide range of firearm options, including pistols and some rifles. .45 ACP enjoys a rich history and is available in various classic and modern designs. .40 S&W, while less prevalent than .45 ACP, still offers many choices from major manufacturers. Gun availability varies, so research models and check local gun stores before committing to a caliber to ensure the desired firearm is accessible and meets your needs.
Recoil and Handling
Recoil is a critical factor, especially for new shooters. The .45 ACP typically generates a heavier recoil impulse than the .40 S&W. This is due to the larger bullet and higher power of the .45 ACP. The .40 S&W offers a snappier recoil. Proper grip and stance are essential to manage recoil effectively. Some shooters prefer the more manageable recoil of the .40 S&W, while others may find the .45 ACP’s push more comfortable or easier to control.
Stopping Power and Ballistics
The .45 ACP is often lauded for its perceived stopping power, delivering a larger bullet with significant momentum. The .40 S&W offers a balance between power and capacity. Ballistic performance is influenced by bullet weight, design, and velocity. Study bullet expansion, penetration, and the type of ammo being used. Consider the intended use, such as self-defense or target shooting, and research the ballistics of the specific ammunition you intend to use.
Magazine Capacity
Magazine capacity can be a significant consideration, especially in self-defense scenarios. The .40 S&W typically allows for a higher magazine capacity in a similar-sized pistol frame compared to the .45 ACP. This is because .40 S&W rounds are slightly smaller. This increased capacity can be advantageous, providing more rounds available before reloading. However, capacity isn’t the only factor; reliability and the shooter’s ability to handle the firearm also matter.
Concealed Carry Considerations
For concealed carry, the size and weight of the firearm are critical. Both .40 S&W and .45 ACP pistols are available in various sizes, from compact to full-size. Smaller .40 S&W pistols can sometimes offer a slightly better balance of firepower and concealability due to their dimensions and typically higher capacity. Consider your body type, carry method, and comfort when selecting a concealed carry firearm. Practice drawing and handling the firearm with your chosen holster.
Who Should Buy What?
Buy 40 S&W If…
- You prefer a higher capacity magazine in your handgun.
- You want a flatter trajectory for longer-range shots.
- You are looking for a round with good stopping power and manageable recoil.
- You want a round that is commonly used by law enforcement.
Buy 45 If…
- You prioritize the potential for greater stopping power.
- You prefer a larger bullet diameter.
- You value the historical significance and classic appeal of the .45 ACP.
- You are comfortable with slightly more recoil.
Frequently Asked Questions
Which caliber is more accurate?
Accuracy depends more on the shooter and the firearm than the caliber itself. Both .40 S&W and .45 ACP can be accurate in the hands of a skilled shooter. Factors like barrel length, trigger quality, and the overall design of the firearm contribute to accuracy. Practice and proper technique are essential for achieving consistent accuracy with either caliber.
Which caliber has better stopping power?
Perceived stopping power is often associated with .45 ACP due to its larger bullet diameter and heavier weight. However, the .40 S&W offers a good balance of power. The effectiveness of either caliber in a self-defense situation depends on bullet design, shot placement, and other factors. Both calibers can be effective with proper ammunition selection.
Is .40 S&W or .45 ACP better for self-defense?
Both calibers are suitable for self-defense. .45 ACP is often preferred by those seeking maximum bullet diameter and heavier bullet weight. The .40 S&W can offer a higher capacity magazine and manageable recoil. The best choice depends on the individual’s preferences, shooting skills, and the specific firearm used.
Which caliber is easier to find ammunition for?
Both .40 S&W and .45 ACP ammunition are widely available. However, .45 ACP may be slightly more prevalent in some areas due to its longer history and popularity. Availability can fluctuate depending on market conditions, so it’s always wise to check local gun stores or online retailers to confirm availability of your preferred ammunition type.
Which caliber has more recoil?
Generally, .45 ACP has more recoil than .40 S&W. The larger bullet and higher power of the .45 ACP result in a heavier recoil impulse. The recoil of .40 S&W is often described as snappier. Recoil management is a crucial skill for shooters, and the choice depends on the individual’s ability to control the firearm.
Which caliber is better for target shooting?
Both calibers are suitable for target shooting. The .40 S&W may offer a slight advantage for rapid firing due to its slightly less recoil. However, the best caliber for target shooting depends on the individual’s preferences, the firearm used, and the type of target shooting. Both calibers are used in various shooting sports.
Which is better for concealed carry?
The best caliber for concealed carry depends on individual preferences and the firearm being used. The .40 S&W may offer a slight advantage due to the possibility of higher capacity and manageable recoil. The size and weight of the firearm are also important factors. The choice should be based on personal comfort and the ability to effectively handle the firearm.
Final Verdict
Choosing between .40 S&W and .45 ACP depends on individual needs and preferences. While .45 ACP is favored for its stopping power and history, .40 S&W offers a balance of power, capacity, and manageable recoil. Both are effective calibers for self-defense and target shooting. Ultimately, the best choice is the one the shooter handles most effectively and comfortably.
Winner: 45